Advertisements Essay

Advertisements surround us in our everyday lives, they have become so integrated in our society that there is almost nowhere you can venture without their presence. In my opinion, it doesn’t fulfill its primary purpose – to provide the customers with information about products. Some opponents of advertisements even claim that most advertisers use unethical ways to establish a need for their products thus encouraging them to buy more and more. To achieve that, advertisers use countless means, such as aggressive advertising, to catch the customer’s eye. It’s a widespread opinion, that too much advertising is a significant problem nowadays. It’s difficult to argue that, with an increasing part of the broadcasting time devoted to commercials, they are becoming extremely annoying. Moreover, a lot of them have special insidious slogans that linger in the brain so that it seems you will never get rid of them. At the same time, such contempt for advertising couldn’t be fully justified. Being a mixture of media and art, it can be regarded as a modern form of art. For example, the Night of Advertising Predators, a festival of the most ingenious commercials from all over the world, in my opinion, really deserves admiration. From my own point of view, though having always been an opponent of advertising, I often find myself watching a selection of the most creative commercials on the Internet. I strongly believe that it’s high time all people woke up to the fact, that advertising is not as disgusting as they think.

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I have been offered constructive feedback and the opportunity to improve my work. Assessor I declare that I have issued the relevant resource material. I ensured that the student understood the requirements for the completion of this course. The student named above completed the work that is submitted and the work is their own. Student Signature Assessor Date Assignment 1 brief Qualification BITE Level 3 National (90-credit/Extended) Diploma in Applied Science Assignment title Work in the Science Industry Start date 01/09/14 Interim Deadline date Final Deadline date N Walters / D Miracle Learning Outcome(s) 1.Be able to use mathematical tools in science Mathematical tools: SSL units (length, mass, time, area, volume, density, force); conversions, egg imperial to metric and vice versa; prefixes, egg gig, mega, kilo, decide, cent', mill', micro, Anna, Pico; accuracy of data (decimal places and significant figures); fractions; percentages; ratios; standard form; use of scientific calcul ators Scientific problems involving algebra: transposition of formulae; substitution of equations; simple linear equations, egg involving force and mass (F =ma), speed and distance (v =s/t), mole calculations (n =m/Mr.), voltage and current (V =IR), density and illume (p =MN) Menstruation: standard formulae to solve surface areas, egg total surface area of a cylinder = nor + nor, surface area of a sphere = nor; volume of regular solids, egg volume of a cylinder = Teller, volume of a sphere = 4/nor, volume of a cone = 1/north Scenario You work for a pharmaceutical research company; the company would like to offer assistance and training for a new intake of employees who might find the mathematical demands of their new Job challenging.In addition to providing helpful guides and resources for these employees you need to produce some assessment trials that will be used to assess whether employees require additional training. The assessment materials you produce will need to include ques tions and the answers to these questions so that they can be marked and assessed. Criteria Pl : Carry out mathematical calculations using suitable mathematical tools UP: Carry out mathematical calculations using algebra MI: Use standard form to solve science problems MM: Use menstruation to solve scientific problems ODL : Use ratios to solve scientific problems DO: Use algebra to solve scientific problems Tasks for Assignment 1 Completed? Pupil Teacher TASK 1. 1 -(PI) Produce a poster showing commonly used imperial units with examples of their conversion into SSL units.Include specific examples covering units used in biology, chemistry and physics. Your poster should contain instructions on how to convert these units from imperial to metric and vice versa. Produce a guide to using standard form in science. Use examples relating to the use of standard form in measurements using microscopes in biology measurements of concentration in chemistry distance in physics using the wavelengths of different forms of radiation from the electromagnetic spectrum. In your guide present each example as a problem showing how the solution can be found using standard form. Task 1. 3 – (UP) Produce the 1st of 4 Question Papers that will be used to assess a new employees' mathematical capability.In this first paper write 10 questions requiring the use of algebra to solve mathematical problems. Having written the paper you need to write a mark sheet showing the answers and full working out for each question. Task 1. 4 – (MM) The next question paper for assessing employees is based on the use of menstruation. You need to write at least 10 questions in which employees are squired to solve problems involving shape and volume. You must include; 3 Biology, 3 Physics and 3 Chemistry-based questions. Again you should produce a mark sheet in which you clearly show the answers and working out for each question. Task 1. 5 – (ODL) with ratios. 10 Questions should be writte n covering problems in Biology, Chemistry and Physics.Genetics, chemical reactions and moments are topics that lend themselves to questions based on ratios. A mark sheet needs to be produced showing the answers and working out for each question. Task 1. 6- (DO) In the final question paper you should write one Biology, one Physics and one Chemistry problem requiring employees to find a solution using algebra. These three questions should be more complex than previous questions and involve a number of stages in which algebra is needed to find a solution to the problem. A detailed mark sheet is required for this paper showing the solutions to the problems including the working out for each stage of the problem.This could be from any subject in science but must be collected by the learner. You should include a brief statement stating how the data was collected, as well as a table of results for the data. The table should have borders and show quantities along with the correct units. Tas k 2. 2 – (MM) Provide a detail description of the stages undergone in the data collection process applied for UP. This description should be for both secondary and primary data. Task 2. 3 – (DO) Compare the different methods of data collection applied in UP and MM (both primary and secondary); The advantages and disadvantages of the methods should be clearly highlighted.TASK 2. 4 -? (UP) Identify any errors associated with collecting scientific data within an experiment (ideally the experiment used for UP). This could be in the form of a list or a statement. It should include any random and/or systematic errors. Task 2. 5 – (MM) Detail and show how errors were calculated in UP from the experiment conducted in Task 2. 6 – (DO) reduced. It is expected that the errors mentioned in DO will be linked to errors encountered during the same experiment mentioned in UP and MM and ideally linked to UP. Include also a mention of how errors encountered in UP were mini mized. Assignment 3 brief Displaying Data 10/09/14 3.Know about laboratory information management systems Charts: data represented by statistical diagrams (bar charts, pie charts); histograms (continuous and discrete variants) Type of graphs: linear graphs, egg distance time graphs, graphs obeying Ohm's law (voltage against current); non-linear graphs, egg ate of catalytic reaction against temperature, hydrogen gas given off against time, radioactive decay, bacterial growth Interpretation of data: random data, patterns in data; calculation of the arithmetic mean, mode and median; continuous data, egg rate of production over time, population count of invertebrates or plants; discrete data, egg fingerprint type, shoe size; raw and derived data, egg measure time and distance traveled by a car and calculate (derive) the speed Interpretation of graphs: calculating the gradient of a straight line graph; calculating the area under a straight nine graph; taking tangents of non-linear graphs in order to determine the gradient at a point; explaining trends in both linear and non-linear graphs Scenario You are a trainee microbiological scientist displaying data from an experiment to grow organisms; you will need to show your superiors your competence at handling and comparing collected data with reinforced reliability through including detailed references of error calculations.Criteria AS: Select the appropriate formats for displaying the scientific data that has been collected UP: Interpret scientific data MS: Interpret the trend in the scientific data collected in an experiment ADS: Calculate scientific quantities from linear and non-linear graphs Tasks for Assignment 3 TASK 3. 1 – (AS) Select an appropriate format of displaying a primary and a secondary set of data. (you may use data collected from UP) Ensure that any plots on your scatter grams and line graphs are accurately plotted on graph paper. In all cases, you should include correct labeling of axis and an appropriate title for your graph. Task 3. 2 – (UP) Provide an interpretation of your collected data (both primary and secondary)

Answer questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer questions - Coursework Example There are a number of bones that were analyzed so as to determine the cause of death and possible identity of the victim. The bones are as follows: (A)Chimpanzees do exhibit a social behavior in the sense that they interact in a group setting whereby there are certain activities conducted by different members, this in the long run tend to benefit the whole group. (B)Working in a group setting has an effect on all members as it is mutually beneficial, it lays upon each member a task to perform this can be seen during grooming. (C)The reason for the chimpanzee behaving in this manner is that it makes their lives easier through working as a community to achieve a set goal. (B) The environment in which the animals live in and get there food from forced them into establishing or use of the grip or hands when it comes to picking food, climbing trees, grooming or their involvement in any activities that require the use of

MedTerm Question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MedTerm Question - Assignment Example You should ask yourself questions that will lead to the body formation (Beach, 2010). An inquiry essay begins with a topic or an idea then the summary of the information learnt from the topic (Beach, 2010). After researching on a topic you want to write on, an outline should follow (Beach, 2010). The introduction should be written using facts, statistics, anecdote, or a question (Beach, 2010). The question will enhance the heart grabbing of the reader (Beach, 2010). The thesis should tell the purpose of the essay (Beach, 2010). A thesis is a short sentence or roadmap that defines the information in a sentence inquiry (Beach, 2010). Using the correct terminologies will enhance the understanding of the reader (Beach, 2010). Use personal experience and research information so as to come up with a good essay (Beach, 2010). Give background information on the essay so as to enhance more understanding (Beach, 2010). When writing this essay it should be based on strong arguments (Beach, 2010). Writing the essay, you should proofread for grammatical errors and spelling mistake (Beach,

Why does Warren Buffett rely heavily on Net Working Capital analysis Essay

Why does Warren Buffett rely heavily on Net Working Capital analysis as his principal method of valuing businesses Do you agree - Essay Example What is meant by Net Working Capital? Net Working Capital (NWC) is Current Assets minus Current Liabilities. Current Assets include Cash and Cash Equivalents, Receivables, Inventory and other current Assets. Current Liabilities include all Short Term Borrowings. Net working Capital is also defined as that part of Current Assets that is financed by Long term Funds. This definition of the NWC is useful for the analysis of the trade-off between Profitability and risk. The Greater the amount of NWC, the greater is the liquidity of the business, lesser the risk. Thus, if the company’s goal is increasing profitability, it can be achieved by increasing risk, which again is measured by the lower level of Net Working Capital. The important elements of decision making during the process of purchase of a business are Profitability and Risk. Both these elements can be analyzed using Net Working Capital. Net Working Capital can be improved by infusing new funds in to the business in terms of Capital or long term finance. Similarly, NWC can be deteriorated by purchase of Long Term Assets. Any increase in Current Assets of the company which has a corresponding increase in current liabilities would not effect the NWC of the company. The value of the business is determined by its intrinsic value. Intrinsic value of a business can be determined by Long term Assets minus Long term Liabilities. The other way of measuring the intrinsic value of the business is Current Assets minus Current Liabilities, which is measured by Net Working Capital. 2In a net-net situation, an investor estimates a liquidation value for a company, then tries to pay a fraction of that value in the market. Ben Graham loved these types of situations, defining the net-net value as: Graham would invest in companies which are available at a price which is two-thirds of the NWC of the company, the one-third portion is the margin of safety which would protect the investor against

Does Corporate Governance Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Does Corporate Governance Work - Essay Example Karamanou and Vafeas (2005) narrow the definition of corporate governance to the task of monitoring the performance of an employee. On the other hand, increasing its extent and scope, corporate governance is described a broad based set of principles and practices through which shareholders control the directors of the company. Moreover, the â€Å"Combined Code of Corporate Governance† introduced by the London Stock Exchanges defines the purpose of corporate governance as to â€Å"facilitate efficient, effective, and entrepreneurial management that can deliver shareholder value over long term† (Boyle, p.3, 2009). Broadly corporate governance establishes rights and responsibilities of stakeholders specifying rules for decision making. It also a set of techniques that evolved over time and are put in place to control the conduct of executives both within the organization and externally (Walsh & Seward, 1990). In the traditional finance paradigm, corporate governance is res tricted to the relationship between a company and its shareholders. According to the managerial discourse, corporate governance is a codified set of normative principles that are at times immutable (Cobbaut, 2003). On the other hand, Cadbury (1997) defines strong governance as an optimisation between monitoring and performance. Corporate governance, thus, is an intangible whose effects can be perceived through its working. Corporate governance like other intangibles, for example, loves and hatred doesn’t have a concrete shape and form, but its effects are realised by the nature of its working (Plessis et al., 2005). The varied nature of working of corporate governance, and its broad scope, doesn’t allow for development of a single and comprehensive notion. The definitions of corporate governance, with their differences apart, have quite a few commonalities but none has achieved definitive status (Boyle,

What does a baby need in order to give it a good start in life Essay

What does a baby need in order to give it a good start in life - Essay Example This essay looks at these essential needs of a baby, by way of gathering supportive evidence from the Ria and Flynn text book and from other relevant scholarly sources. One cannot overstate the fact that babies should be treated with utmost care. It is true that their scope of expression is very limited, but they are capable of feeling and showing basic human emotions of happiness, sadness. It is the responsibility of the caretakers of the baby to keep the baby happy at all times by suitably responding to its calls of distress. More importantly, the baby is capable of feeling whether it is truly loved or not. Only wholehearted expressions of love and affection from its caretakers will satisfy the child and help it grow into a psychologically healthy adult. The adage â€Å"spare the rod and spoil the child† is not backed by scientific evidence (Becker-Weidman, 2005). If anything, the evidence is contradictory to this assessment. Hence, caretakers should avoid corporal punishments to the child in the form of slapping, spanking, etc, as this could be detrimental to its healthy development. For example, â€Å"Punishing may make the undesirable behaviour look more attractive and thus add value to it. Further, punishment may just teach a child how not to get caught. When parents or other adults inflict painful punishment, the children who receive them would learn that administering pain to others is also alright. When children mould their behaviour as ways to avoid pain, they are likely to end up as self-centred and selfish adults†. (Kohn, 2000) Whoever the caretaker is – be it a parent, foster parent or a baby sitter, they should attend to every need of the baby. When the baby shares a close bond with the caretaker then the likelihood of attachment disorders are negated. When the baby’s needs are not being met consistently and if it develops a sense of loneliness as a result of it, then it is

Environmental Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Analysis Paper - Essay Example The Hershey Company markets brands such as Hershey’s Kisses, Ice Breakers, and Hershey’s Reese among others. Also, it is the leader of the dark and premium chocolates such as Hershey’s Extra Dark, Cacao Reserve, and Hershey’s Special Dark. Other popular brands such as Milk Duds, Payday, Kit Kat, and Almond Joy have tremendously contributed to the success of the company to achieve revenues of about six billion dollars (The Hershey’s Company, 2012). Like other businesses in the world, the Hershey Company operates with business environment that is pre-disposed with business environmental factors such as legal-political, socio-cultural, economic, and technological factors. This paper will seek to conduct an environmental scan and economic analysis on Hershey’s, including the remote, industry, and operating environments. Macroeconomic Forecast Macroeconomic forecast helps provide the consumers, businesses, and government with information necessary in making better decisions (Kew and Stredwick, 2009). The macroeconomic forecast indicators affect Hershey’s in the future and are important that they are considered to be part of the strategic planning of the Company. Increasing GDP in America (though at a smaller rate) and in other countries where its products are sold is favorable in boosting the purchase of the products and increases the prospects of the Hersey’s success (McGuigan, et al., 2011). In the light of this, the strategic planning of Hershey’s will include considering increasing its supplies especially after global financial crisis has completely faded away. Also, reducing rate of unemployment widens the pool of people earning income and therefore increasing the number of people able to buy Hershey’s products (Brenner, 2010). However, unemployment rates in some countries have remained constant or have soared therefore threatening to reduce sales of Hershey’s products in those countri es. Thus, Hershey’s strategic planning will moderate supply in various markets based on the prevailing unemployment rates (McMahon., 2008). In addition, inflation as a macroeconomic factor affects the Hershey’s products presently and in the future. Increase in prices of commodities in various markets that Hershey’s sells its products; tend to affect the performance of the Company (McGuigan et al, 2011). The increase in the cost of production of other consumable commodities including sugar and chocolate confectionary products make the consumers to be cautious in their purchasing, as well as prompting them to focus more on basic commodities than on commodities that they consider to be â€Å"luxurious† (Brenner, 2010). The seemingly high inflation rates in most markets call for a strategy that meets all the market niches. For example, Hersey’s products can be packaged in quantities and prices that reflect the inflation rates of particular markets. Dem and and disposable income is another macroeconomic factor that affects the success of a company like Hershey’s (Morden, 2007). Reduced demand and disposable income of consumers may affect the sales of Hershey’s products in America and in countries where the Company’s products are sold (McGuigan et al, 2011). Therefore, Hersey’s strategy should seek to enhance consumers’ demand and to package quantity and prices that reflect the disposable income of the targeted markets. Non- Economic Factors in the Remote Environment Social and Cultural Social and cultural

Managerial Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial Finance - Assignment Example c) The utility company can take out a large debt as it is able to sustain it as it generates enough revenue throughout the year to finance the debt where a software company which works on one of orders and generates revenue on successful orders completed hence they cannot afford to reduce their profitability and revenues by taking debt and then giving interest on it. d) The investor would not invest all the investment in one company as this will increase risk. When the investment is spread over all the various companies and various industries of different nature the inherent risk of investment is diversified and minimized. P2-15 a) The company has a very effective sales collection system in place and as per the figures the company has a defective rate of 12.5% and rest of the sales in other terms have been collected in cash or were already collected as per the system. b) Yes it would increase the entire debt from a 12.5% to a staggering 16.67% which would mean the company is effectiv ely loosing 16.67% of the 75% sales that it is making which is a huge problem for the company.

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 15

Case Study - Essay Example She has already been availing the benefits of a bi-cultural worker and this may have helped her to some extent because she is already on the way to inclusion in early childhood(Grisham brown et al, 2005). Rayan’s teacher in the baby class has provided some important information about her habits. Firstly, she appears to share a good relationship with her father because she enjoys gardening with him during the weekends. Secondly, the teacher also informs that she likes playing with dolls and smiles at other children but does not actively play with them. Both of Rayan’s parents want their child to be more actively involved with her peers and to interact with them. Relevant issues which may need to be taken into account in terms of preparing an effective plan of action would be the Disability Standards of 2005, which have mandated that all students must be accorded more or less the same treatment and have equal access to educational facilities and learning. Since Rayan is hearing impaired, she has a disability and as a result, applying the provisions of the Disability Standards may require some adjustments to be made, such that Rayan can be treated on par with the other non disabled students she is in class with. It may be necessary to consider how best Rayan’s hearing impairment can be tackled and compensated for so that she does not miss out on any of the learning activities. In order to achieve higher levels of participation from the child, it may be vital to ensure that measures are put into place to deal with the hearing impairment, so that conditions are created which will facilitate interaction between Rayan and the other childre n. While the FM receiver has been used in the baby classes and Rayan has also enjoyed the support of a bi-cultural worker, this does not appear to have translated into higher levels of social interaction. The major objective that needs to be achieved in Rayan’s case is to ensure

Allen, Douglas and Truth Essay Example for Free

Allen, Douglas and Truth Essay Conclusion A great deal of literature has been devoted to the subject of Black Christian Leadership during 1820 to 1860. How an enslaved people challenged yet still participated in the established religious system by founding, ad hoc and or organized significant religious groups with a social underlying movement. The essence of the multitude of visions was rooted simultaneously in a political, social and religious storm. However, thus knowing that a race has a strong or weak identity image based on current media of the day will not inform the listener about the nature of their true intent or power; however, since the records of the day is the only evidence we have, it gives considerable insight into the societal value system, political posture, and cultural stance. While Black leaders and churches were portrayed to have a greater capacity for audible and visible response to a speaker than any other group of religious listener at the time, the images were quick to focus on the probable survival of the comfort and consolation syndrome prevalent in black plantation churches. In these churches, the listeners, moved by sin and guilt but much more by the need to release tensions brought on by the daily miseries of slavery, came forth with vocal responses to particularly consoling passages in the preachers sermons. Allen, Douglas and Truth’s methods were clearly beneficial for the improvement of African Americans for then as well as well as any period. Promoting racial success was the most fundamental element in the struggle for racial uplift through the universal message of the religious institutions. Understanding and able to recognize the changing conditions would allow the national objective of racial equality be the sole purpose. As active leaders in the religious and social revolution of the late 1800’s, they knew that access to religious and social opportunities would lead to greater possibilities, i.e. education and commerce. Many of their contemporaries of the day given relatively few choices signed on to the teachings and messages presented by Allen, Douglass and Truth. This was option was clearly the proper path, noted by the number of successful Post slavery organizations and movements that flourished following the civil war. Even though African Americans had limited political power and remained segregated socially, pure religious and economic growth accelerated true racial uplift and the issue of economical inequality. Before the war, black spokespersons had unfailingly demanded that white America simply give them a chance to demonstrate the truths underlying their analyses of a prejudiced American society. Through the Civil War and Reconstruction, whites grudgingly conceded that chance. Everything was at stake in vindicating antebellum black religious and social thought. The role Black Religious leaders as spokespersons and positions as black leaders have assumed the destiny of the race and of America. Antebellum black northerners had been correct to employ the universalism of the American Revolution. This was an effort call the nation back to its first principles. In finality, the right to stress self-help, moral uplift, and elevation as the keys to rising in a liberal economic order and thus compelling the majority of American to yield rights to African Americans was the remaining position to assume. In a tacit understanding, Black religious leaders were clearly justified in their growing sense that the conversation with white America mattered when seeking the power of national acceptance and the eventually the ability to establish their own interests. Never before had visionaries of slave ancestry faced the hope and challenge of so practical a test of their ideas. Bibliography Satterwhite, John H. The Black Methodist Churches, unpublished background paper prepared for The Black Church in the African American Experience research project, p. 29. Campbell, James T. Songs of Zion: The African Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States and South Africa. Publisher: Oxford University Press. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1995. Page Number: 3. Rupe Simms Controlling Images and the Gender Construction of Enslaved African Women Gender and Society, Vol.15, No. 6 (Dec. , 2001), pp. 879-897 Deborrah E. S. Frable , 1997, Article Title: Gender, Racial Ethnic, Sexual andClass Identities. Journal Title: Annual Review of Psychology. Volume: 48. Page Number: 139+. Cedric J. Robinson, 1997, Black Movements in America. (New York: Routledge,. p. 179, 92 ) Conyers, James L. Black Lives: Essays in African American Biography. Publisher: M. E. Sharpe. Place of Publication: Armonk, NY. Publication Year: 1999. Page Number: 44. Bay, Mia. The White Image in the Black Mind: African-American Ideas about White People, 1830-1925. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. http://www. questia.com/PM. qst? a=od=90463626. Burrowes, Carl Patrick. Black Christian Republicanism: A Southern Ideology in Early Liberia, 1822 to 1847. The Journal of Negro History 86, no. 1 (2001): 30+. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5000633712. Douglass, Frederick Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage, and His Complete History. Publisher: Collier Books. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1962. Page Number: 202. Martin Jr. , Waldo E. The Mind of Frederick Douglass. Publisher: University of North Carolina Press. Place of Publication: Chapel Hill, NC. Publication Year: 1984. Page Number: 18. Mcfeely, William S. Frederick Douglass. Publisher: W. W. Norton. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1991. Page Number: 217. Lampe, Gregory P. Frederick Douglass: Freedoms Voice, 1818-1845. Publisher: Michigan State University Press. Place of Publication: East Lansing, MI. Publication Year: 1998. Page Number: 1. http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/aia/part3/3narr3. html PBS, Allen, The Black Church Graham, Peter W. Byron, Sully and the Power of Portraiture. Wordsworth Circle 36, no. 4 (2005): 149+. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5014835905. http://www. pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4narr2. html PBS Africans in America Kirby, John B. Sojourner Truth: A Life, A Symbol. The Historian 61, no. 2 (1999): 429. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5001250782. Mandziuk, Roseann M. Commemorating Sojourner Truth: Negotiating the Politics of Race and Gender in the Spaces of Public Memory. Western Journal of Communication 67, no. 3 (2003): 271+. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5002554424. Rael, Patrick. Black Identity and Black Protest in the Antebellum North. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=101423509.

Is Apple Entry Into The Mobile Telephone Sector Marketing Essay

Is Apple Entry Into The Mobile Telephone Sector Marketing Essay According to Michael Porter (1979), industry is being influenced by five forces. The strategic business manager planning to develop an advantage over rival firms can use this model to better understand the industry plans in which the firm operates. Since iPhone is only offered by single networks such as O2 in UK and ATT in US, customers of other networks will have to wait until their contract expires, or pay an early cancellation fee (typically $200). The average duration of a cell phone contract is 2 years, which means that 25% of consumers plans will expire in the next 6 months. Since a $200 switching fee makes the iPhone very expensive. Apple introduced the device at high price for early adopters to earn abnormal profits and it slashed down iPhone price by 50% for rest of market segment. For Reference, In US When it reduce the price from $599.99 to $399.99 consumer were force to deal with the mobile carrier AT T mobility, in service package ranging from $59.99 to 99.99 per month. But in UK, low amount of inclusive minutes was not competitive. For reference, O2s iPhone deal allowed 200 inclusive minutes for pound 35 versus competitors that offers of 750 minutes in addition to a free phone. Apple reduces its prices or introduces new models for price-sensitive consumers, and its sales could expand considerably. Barriers to Entry/ Threat of New Entrants Ultimately the iPhone is going to face the most competition from imitators who can sell a similar or comparable device at a lower price. Most of these threats are going to come from established players in the cell phone industry (such as LG and Samsung) rather than companies trying to enter the cell phone market. Software companies such as Google and Microsoft may pose a credible threat at entering the cell phone market. Apple not only had to face a number of barriers to entry in the development of the iPhone but they must also worry about potential competitors (Google, Microsoft) overcoming them as well. Economies of Scale Apple already had pre-existing experience in manufacturing mass-market consumer electronics devices, many of which share components of the iPhone; so Apple was not adversely affected by this barrier. New entrants, however, may not have that luxury and the cell phone market is almost defined by its mass-market (which requires mass production and consumption) nature. Product Differentiation The iPhone is significantly different than its competitors product. Apple also has a certain amount of protection through the strength of its brand identity. iPhone launch was extremely different technology from other mobile companies. But to keep product differentiation consistent in long run would be challenge for Apple. Capital Requirements Apple enjoys a slight advantage here, though its an advantage that may be quickly lost. The other cell phone manufacturers have a lot of experience making cell phones, but not necessarily software. So, to most effectively compete with the iPhone they will need to invest significantly in certain areas. And Apple also has a lot of experience making hardware and software, which gives them an advantage to some extent over their competitors. In this sense, Apple itself did not face much problem with this barrier because of their experience creating both software and hardware. Future competitors looking to enter the cell phone market are less likely to have that advantage. Distribution Channels The iPhone will be only available at Apple and single network stores and it is only supported by the Single network such as o2 in UK. They are not able to sell iPhone in cell phone market and also they are making it difficult for people to even purchase the phone. A future entrant into the market may be able to make their product available for multiple carriers and multiple retailers. For instance, iPhone was available through 1300 Apple, O2 and Carphone warehouses shops in UK. Supplier Power The iPhone software that brings all features together and allows the user to interact with the phone in a compelling way. And Apple, of course, developed and owns the software. A producing industry requires raw materials labour, components, and other supplies. This requirement leads to buyer-supplier relationships between the industry and the firms that provide it the raw materials used to create products. Suppliers, if powerful, can exert an influence on the producing industry, such as selling raw materials at a high price to capture some of the industrys profits. But in case of Apple, The Software, Hardware, component is developed and owned by Apple itself. Hence, they have less threat from powerful suppliers. Buyer Power Here you ask yourself how easy it is for buyers to drive prices down. Again, this is driven by the number of buyers, the importance of each individual buyer to your business, the cost to them of switching from your products and services to those of someone else, and so on. Although the iPhones functionality would be attractive to business users, its price is considerably higher than that of Blackberries .This makes enterprise purchases unlikely, since businesses are typically price sensitive. However, the iPhones compelling mix of features makes it attractive to a broad set of cell-phone consumers. The iPhones market is limited by two factors: 1) the high price ($499 for 4 GB) and 2) Apples exclusive US carrier agreement with Cingular (For example AT T, O2).In case of Apple the buyers of the iPhone are somewhat more powerful. Given the relatively high price of the iPhone it remains to be seen whether consumers will pay a high price for Apple iPhone features when their needs may be equally met by cheaper alternatives. Threat of Substitutes A threat from substitutes exists if there are alternative products with lower prices of better performance parameters for the same purpose. The iPhone mainly distinguishes itself from competitors over its softwares and hardwares which are driven by a multi-touch screen. Apple claims various patents relating to this technology. However, it is still likely that other players in the market will soon be able to deliver similar products. Synaptics and LG have already disclosed details of coming products which feature touch-screen interfaces, as well. Software companies such as Google and Microsoft may pose a credible threat at entering the cell phone market. Evaluation Being aware of huge competition in mobile phone market, I decided to use porters five forces model to do analysis and based on analysis, I found that there is tough competition for mobile operators who act as both substitutes and new entrant. In the next 3-5 year if we see the industry would be more competitive than today. So many firms will be competing in the market and new firms will be try to come in the market for taking the advantage of profitability, which would reduce the profit of the firms. Consumer will have more choice because of substitution, and they can force the companies to reduce the prices of their product. And the supplier will have the power to raise the price of the raw material because of the high demand on the same time. Word Count: 1,109 words

The Invention Of The Revolver History Essay

The Invention Of The Revolver History Essay Revolvers are repeating firearms that consist of a cylinder containing multiple chambers, with at least one barrel for firing. The name revolver comes from the short-form of its original name, revolving gun. As its name suggests, the revolver is uniquely designed such that the chambers of a revolver revolve around an axis. 2. The Invention of the Revolver The first inventor of the revolver was Elisha Haydon Collier. Collier invented the flintlock revolver, which was a single-action, self-priming weapon with automatic release of gunpowder into the pan when the gun hammer was cocked. Patented in 1818, the flintlock revolvers single barrel allowed greater accuracy and faster reloading time (Shaver, 2004 ). Today, the revolvers that we are familiar with are an adaptation of Colliers revolver. One of the most significant pioneers in revolver technology was Samuel Colt. There are many variations as to how Colt first came up with the idea for his revolver, ranging from an eureka moment while shooting whales, to stealing Colliers idea in India (Hosley, 1996 ). Colt patented the percussion cap revolver in December 1835, which enabled muzzle-loading firearms to fire reliably regardless of weather. This was an improvement from Colliers flintlock revolver, which was prone to misfire in wet weather. The shooter would load the chambers of the cylinder with gunpowder and a projectile, and put in place several percussion caps. While this loading procedure might be tedious, it allowed the shooter to have rounds fully prepared ahead of time (Harris, 2011 ). Bullet cartridges were soon introduced in revolvers in the 1870s, replacing gunpowder and caps. The cartridges are a combination of a projectile (the bullet), a propellant (gunpowder) and a primer (the explosive cap), all contained within a metal casing. 3. Evolution of Revolvers 3.1 Type of innovation 3.1.1 Product Innovation The first revolvers invented by Collier were a product innovation. The patent was bought by John Evans and Son of London. It manufactured about 10,000 revolvers to sell mainly to the British forces in India and they are embodied as its outputs (Flemming, 2012). 3.1.2 Incremental Innovation Before the revolvers were invented, other types of handguns such as the single shot and multi barreled pistols existed. Revolvers improved on these handguns and hence were an incremental innovation. Firstly in the past, guns were mostly limited to a single shot except the pepper box however it was heavy and difficult to load since it had multiple barrels for each bullet. The revolver has the capability to deliver multiple loads to a single handgun barrel in quick succession (Delman ,2010). Revolvers are also different in terms of having lower chances of malfunction and thus provide greater reliability. Rounds which fail to fire can usually be cleared by merely pulling the trigger which will cycle the cylinder and place the next available round in a firing position (Riverwalker, 2009). Several malfunctions are however common in pistols that require more complex methods to clear them. Revolvers also have a sturdier design due partly to their heavier construction which allows them to shoot more powerful rounds (Riverwalker, 2009). 3.1.3 Component Innovation The revolver is a component innovation since its major change in handgun design is in creating a rotating cylinder which would come into alignment with a single barrel to fire successive bullets (Harris,2010). Collier combined this with a flintlock mechanism to create the first revolver. 3.1.3 Competence Enhancing vs Competence Destroying Originally, Colliers flintlock revolver was competence enhancing for John Evans and Son of London. However the revolver had several problems and by the 1840s, Colts Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company had adapted the revolvers based on the percussion cap system and mass produced them. This was competence destroying for Colliers company while competence enhancing for Colts (Delman, 2010). 3.2 Mechanics of the Revolver Over the years, the revolver has been constantly evolving and many different variations of the revolver have been invented. Despite this, the fundamental design of the revolver still remains the same, with several firing chambers arranged in a circle in a cylindrical block. This differs from other repeating firearms that use a single firing chamber with a different mechanism to load and extract cartridges. In modern revolvers, there is a spring-loaded hammer located at one end of the cylinder, in line with the barrel (Fig. 1). By cocking the hammer back, a new cartridge is lined up between the hammer and the barrel. To release the bullet, a pull of the trigger would result in the spring throwing the hammer forward so it hits the primer at the back of the bullet. The primer explodes, igniting the propellant and driving the bullet down the barrel. Macintosh HD:Users:helpdesk:Desktop:Screen Shot 2013-03-02 at 1.21.04 AM.png Figure 1 The inside of the barrel is lined with spiralling grooves, which increases the stability of the bullet by spinning it. A longer barrel not only improves stability, but also increases the speed of the bullet. 3.2.1 Actions (Mechanism) Single-Action Mechanism Single-action revolvers are revolvers that require the user to cock the weapon manually. The act of pulling back the cock rotates the cylinder and the user can then pull the trigger to fire it. Colts original revolver design involved a ratchet and pawl mechanism to hold the cylinders in place. Double-Action Mechanism Most revolvers today are double-action revolvers that perform two functions: cocking, and then firing the gun. Robert Adams, a British gunsmith, invented double-action revolvers in 1851. In this mechanism, pulling the trigger halfway automatically rotates the cylinder and releases the cocked hammer. Pulling back the trigger even more releases the cocked hammer. This would allow the user to fire the double-action revolver in one trigger pull. 3.3 How it has evolved 4. Uses Applications 4.1 Self Defence In the US where private gun ownership is legalized, a third of all gun sales can be attributed to handguns, including revolvers (Harris, 2013). Many Americans choose the revolver as a self-defense weapon due to its ease of use, maintenance and general reliability. To fire a revolver, a novice gun owner merely needs to aim and pull the trigger for double action revolvers or cock the hammer and then pull the trigger for single action revolvers. Their simplicity in design allows an average person to shoot safely and competently without much training. They are also relatively more affordable and sustainable due to the ability to withstand neglect (Riverwalker, 2009). 4.2 Combat Military The revolver was first adopted in combat by the Texas Rangers against the hostile native Indians who outnumbered them in Texas (Brown, 2013). Later on it was introduced into the U.S army in 1846 when the Mexican War began as Capt. Samuel H. Walker collaborated with Colt to design a novel and more powerful revolver (Colt Defense LLC, 2013). Throughout US military history up till 1985, revolvers had been the standard firearm, to arm the soldiers on battlefields such as during the Civil War, World War I and II. Although later on they were replaced by higher ammunition and faster reloading semi-automatic pistols, today they continued to be employed largely by guards, Navy Shore Patrol, and intelligence and counterintelligence operatives (Olive-Drab, 2013). 4.3 Sporting Hunting Handgun hunting has become a popular sport and most hunters use revolvers since they provide the reliability needed to hunt all types of big game (Hampton, 2013). Hunting with revolvers is more challenging and hones a hunters skills since the guns have comparatively shorter sight radius and less powerful ammunition. Hunters must also stalk closer to the prey to kill it humanely and this gives it greater chance of escaping from the hunters. A significant amount of practice is required to develop accuracy and marksmanship in revolver hunting (Wilson, 2010). 4.4 Law Enforcement Since the 1870s American police forces have relied on revolvers to arrest criminals and protect civilians. The most popular revolver used in law enforcement history was the Colt Official Police invented in 1927 which sold up to 400,000 units by 1970 (Scarlata, 2011). It was the top choice across numerous American police departments for one third of a century. Although production of this model has ceased today, other types of revolvers still play a significant role as back up and off duty firearms among American police officers. 5. Impacts of the Revolver 5.1 Military As an important tool for the military, the revolver has transformed major warfare in history and especially assisted in westward expansion. In the American Civil War in 1860, revolvers were one of the new and powerful weapons that forced armies to change their battle techniques. The Lemat and Colt revolvers were the most common firearms used. For example, Samuel Colt alone produced 200,000 of his guns for the Union and Confederate troops (Elbehri, 2010). These guns were more accurate and required less time to reload since they could fire multiple shots at one time. Combat at the time occurred at short distances and cavalrymen had to charge into formations of the enemy and use firearms and sabers to disrupt them and spread panic. At close ranges, revolvers were very powerful and handy especially while the cavalrymen were in saddles. This allowed armies to attack enemies more easily and aggressively. After the war, the US military adopted the Single Action Army revolver as the standard firearm and they aided the front troops to fight in the Indian war, Spanish-American War and Philippine-American War (military factory, 2011). In World War I, although the Americans had started switching to semi-automatic pistols, the M1917 revolvers continued to play a key role in filling the urgent need for guns. The British-made Webley revolvers also served as the standard sidearm for British soldiers in the war (Lewis, 2012). This sudden popularity in the armies was due to the revolvers small size which allowed airmen and tank operators to be armed under their space constrained environments (Duffey, 2009). Additionally, given its sturdy design and dependability, it was ideally suited to muddy and adverse conditions of trench warfare (Lewis, 2012). In World War II, the British and American troops continued using .38 calibre revolvers until finally afterwards, semi-automatic pistols replaced the revolvers in most militaries worldwide. 5.2 Societal Impacts Due to the strong gun culture that exists in U.S., this report will only be studying the societal impacts that revolvers have caused in U.S. Among the developed countries in the world today, U.S. has the highest number of gun owners. About 9 in 10 Americans own more than 270 million guns (Alpers, Philip and Wilson, 2013). That is 5% of the worlds population owning 35-50% of the worlds civilian-owned firearms, of which around 30% are revolvers (Stray, 2013). Sadly, the U.S. is also well known for clinching the highest number of gun homicides. The points below illustrated how the gun industry has severely impacted the society. Homicides Gun-rights advocates might be right when they argue that there might not be a connection between level gun ownership and homicide. However, numerous surveys and studies have concluded that there is an association between the number of homicides and gun ownership in developed countries. A study by Hemenway found that U.S. firearm homicide rates were 19.5 times higher than other developed countries (Kenny, 2013). Accidental Deaths In addition, unintentional firearm deaths in the U.S. were more than five times higher than in the other countries. Among these 23 countries, the U.S. accounted for 80 percent of all firearm deaths; 87 percent of all children under 15 killed by firearms were American children. Homes with guns are 12 times more likely to have household members or guests killed or injured by the weapon than by an intruder (Kenny, 2013). Self Defense and Reassurance of Safety However, the revolver  Data from the National Crime Victimization Survey suggest that a gun is used in self-defense  about 60,000 to 120,000 times each year. Several other surveys confirm this estimate. Facilitating Crimes each year about a million violent crimes involve guns This means guns are used to commit a crime about 10 times as often as they are used for self-defense. 5.3 Government 5.3.1 Laws Policy Making The Federal legislation enacted the Gun Control Act in 1968 that defines who was not allowed to possess a gun and barred anyone under 21 years old from buying handgun. However, they guarantee the right to gun ownership by law. There are restrictions though. The   National Firearms Act of 1934  restricts civilians from owning automatic weapons, short-barrelled shotguns, hand grenades, and other powerful arms without appropriate registration. People are free to carry guns both openly or hidden, outside, with the exception of federal facilities where guns are prohibited. The buyer of firearm is not obliged to allow official background checks before taking possession of guns. However, the  Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act  of 1993 requires licensed gun dealers to perform background checks. Each state may have different jurisdiction, but overall, in the United States, if you do not have a criminal record and have not been adjudicated as mentally incompetent, you can buy guns. 5.4 Economic Impacts Over the years, the U.S. gun industry has been profiting by illegally trafficking firearms into Mexico. However, these firearms were used to arm drug cartels and thus, caused the deaths of thousands of civilians. Nearly 90 percent of weapons seized in Mexico are trafficked from the U.S. The market is extremely strong, especially because of the high demand and lack of strict control in the sale of weapons in U.S. Furthermore, in 2005, the Congress granted gun dealers blanket immunity from civil damages resulting from the misuse. Thus, the tyranny of the drug cartels and mafia reigns on (Kenny, 2013). The gun industry has faced its own share of ups and downs throughout the history but to date, it is still going strong. In 2012, the industry is expected to earn $11.7 billion in sale and $993 million in profit, according to analysts at IBIS World.(Brad, 2012) In 2011, about half of the six million guns manufactured in the United States were pistols and revolvers. Thats up from just one-third in 2001,  according to a report  from First Research.  Rifles now account for 35 percent of the market, with shotguns and other guns making up the rest. U.S. firearms manufacturers will export some $4.4 billion worth of guns and ammunition to other countries this year. The biggest customers are Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia, who accounted for nearly 40 percent of exports in 2012 (its mainly law enforcement and military agencies doing the buying, as private gun ownership is heavily regulated in those nations). IBIS World expects exports to keep surging in the coming years, with ammunition and ordnance being an especially popular item overseas. The economic impact of the firearms industry is up 66 percent since the beginning of the Great Recession, providing an unexpected shot in the arm for the economy, according to a new study. The  National Shooting Sports Foundation  says the economic impact of firearm sales a figure that includes jobs. taxes and sales hit $31 billion in 2011, up from $19 billion in 2008. Jobs in the firearms business jumped 30 percent from 2008 to 2011, when the industry employed 98,750. The industry paid $2.5 billion in federal taxes in 2011, up 66 percent in three years. Ours is an industry with a rich history and heritage that remains vital and important to the American economy today,  NSSF  Senior Vice President  Lawrence G. Keane  said in a statement. To millions of Americans our industrys products represent liberty, security and recreation. Some in the industry attribute the jump in sales to fears the  Obama administration  will tighten gun control laws in a possible second term. Theres a concern that in the second term the  Obama administration  would lead an attempt to restrict gun ownership,  Mr. Keane  said. That concern, known in the industry as the Obama factor, has led many gun owners to purchase now in hopes of avoiding more restrictions and regulations later. (Devaney 2012)

Discrimination and Racism in Country Lovers and The Welcome Table Essay

Discrimination and Racism in â€Å"Country Lovers† by Nadine Gordimer and â€Å"The Welcome Table† by Alice Walker Discrimination and racism is always an issue, but the hardship these women had to face and suffer is something that is still being discussed. Understanding the fear, struggle and hardship that women of color went through during this time period is very important. Both â€Å"Country Lovers† by Nadine Gordimer and â€Å"The Welcome Table† by Alice Walker discuss race and the struggle with trying to be accepted in society. The short story â€Å"Country Lovers† written by Nadine Gordimer, who in 1991 received the Nobel Prize for Literature, writes about forbidden love and racial politics between a black girl and a white boy on a South Africa farm. This story takes place during the time South Africa was dealing with racial segregation and is filled with irony and a theme that is clear from the start and that is deeper than racism, but the love between the two of opposite race. Thebedi and Paulus have grown up playing together is childhood. He is the son of the farm owner and she was the daughter of a farm worker for the farm. As they grew older, Paulus went off to boarding school and Thebedi would eventually drop out of school and help on the farm. It was known that â€Å"once the white children go away to school they soon don’t play together anymore.† (Clugston, 2010). When Paulus went off to school, they were entering adolescence and body changes were uncommon to all. Paulus was a popular boy at school and with the â€Å"sister† school that the girls went too. When Paulus would return from school on break he would bring Thebedi gifs and she would give him a handmade bracelet in return, and this is where they grew closer and th... ...oing on in this day in age, and it will always be an issue. With so much negativity, that we see and deal with on a regular basis is a consent battle, which influences us and the way we handle things. However, we have come a long ways as to what it used to be as if people have learned to accept each other. References Chopin, K. (1894). The story of an hour. Vogue. Clugston, R. W. (2010). Country lovers (p. 3.1). San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from http://content.ashford.edu/books Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from http://content.ashford.edu/books Racism. (n.d.). Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition. Retrieved June 13, 2011, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/racism

The Doctrine of President Bush Essay -- Politics Political

On 20 September 2002, the Bush administration published a national security manifesto overturning the established order. Not because it commits the United States to global intervention: We've been there before. Not because it targets terrorism and rogue states: Nothing new there either. No, what's new in this document is that it makes a long-building imperial tendency explicit and permanent. The policy paper, titled "The National Security Strategy of the United States of America" -- call it the Bush doctrine -- is a romantic justification for easy recourse to war whenever and wherever an American president chooses. This document truly deserves the overused term "revolutionary," but its release was eclipsed by the Iraq debate. Recall the moment. Bush, having just backed away from unilateralism long enough to deliver a speech to the United Nations, was now telling Congress to give him the power to go to war with Iraq whenever and however he liked. Congress, with selective reluctance, was skating sideways toward a qualified endorsement. The administration had fended off doubts from the likes of George Bush Sr.'s national security adviser Brent Scowcroft, and retreated from its maximal designs (at least on Tuesdays and Thursdays), giving doubters, and politicians preoccupied with their reelection, reasons to overcome their doubts and sign on. The Bush White House chose this moment to put down in black and white its grand strategy -- to doctrinize, as it were, its impulse to act alone with the instruments of war. Hitching a ride on Al Qaeda's indisputable threat, the doctrine generalizes. It is limitless in time and space. It not only commits the United States to dominating the world from now into the distant future, but al... ...gned to take more than passing note of his speech. As a nation, we’re still in a trance. The leadership of the most powerful nation-state on earth proceeds to set out its grand strategy, its unified theory of everything, and its prime channels of information don’t see fit to let the populace in on the news that their government is hell-bent on empire and has said so in black and white. Nonetheless, Bush’s strategy is now in force. It confirms suspicions and stokes paranoia. In propounding that there are no more than two models for how a society lives in the world, and that those who despise the one must enlist behind the other, it indulges in the same drastic oversimplification that motivates the terrorists. Americans will have to contend with the consequences for generations. This is why the Bush doctrine is dangerous: It’s a gift to anti-Americans everywhere.

Its Time to Legalize Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Cloning: Just Legalize It! Cloning is a very controversial topic since it relates to moral values of human beings. In February 1997 scientists in Scotland announced the birth of the first cloned sheep named Dolly, this heralded the future of cloning possibilities and scientists began extensive experiments on cloning and have since then cloned both plants and animals successfully. The next step was to clone actual human beings but before experiments could have been carried out pressure started build on the scientists because people started to doubt if cloning was ethical and morally correct. Governments began to introduce bans and constraints on cloning, as they felt cloning was not correct and because they represented the people of its country, it had to act on it. Cloning has its cons but its pros seem to overcome them greatly. If cloning were allowed to be experimented scientists would come up of a way to clone body organs which are an exact replica of an individual body organ. This would prove very to be very beneficial to a person who may have lost a body organ such as a kidney, scientists could clone that particular organ for the individual, which, in the long run, would work better than a transplant organ. Cloning will certainly expand the scope of medicine greatly, thus enhance the possibilities of conquering diseases such as the Parkinson's disease, cancer and other diseases that were earlier considered incurable Cloning could be used to increase the population of endangered species of animals and thus save them from total extinction. This would help maintain a natural balance on the earth and have a continuos natural life cycle. Cloning could certainly benefit couples who are infertile and want to have a child of their own, thus they could use cloning to produce a baby with their similar characteristics. In fact they may be able to even choose the characteristics of their child. Equally important women who are single could have child, using cloning instead of artificial insemination. Cloning could also provide a copy of a child for a couple whose child had died. Another goal of cloning is to produce livestock with ideal characters for the agricultural industry and to be able to manufacture biological products such as proteins for humans. Some people would suggest that cloning is unnatural and not ethically correct but so would be talking medicine when you fall sick.

Karl Marx and Weber

Choi, Sang Hyun History of Sociology Professor Denis Kim November 1, 2012 Karl Marx and Max Weber on Religion: Which one came first, the Chicken or the Egg? A strong discrepancy in interpretation of religions exists between the two great thinkers, Marx and Weber, in that Marx saw religions as â€Å"the opiate of the masses† (Marx, 1843:42) meaning that religions justify believers’ bitter lives and make them passive whereas Weber saw religions as having power to bring about not just social but economic changes (Jong Seo, 2005:231).On top of that, Marx believed that the religion is a dependent variable determined by the substructure- materialistic and economic conditions. Weber, in contrast, assumed that the religion played a role in enlightening or changing people’s thoughts and behaviors unconsciously, causing them to embrace a new way of living such as capitalism. These contrasts derive from the fact that these two intellectuals approached the religions from dif ferent perspectives.Most of Marx’s reasoning reveals the characteristics of methodological holism while Weber focused more on individuals and held on to the idea that individuals’ motives and philosophy are the source of changes and revolutions- methodological individualism. To begin with, it is critical to understand Marx and Weber’s sociological perspectives beforehand in order to grasp a comprehensive understanding with regard to the two thinkers’ ideas on religion. I believe that Marx revealed methodological holistic characteristics more from his study rather than methodological individualism. The opposite goes with the Weber’s perspective toward society.Marx’s approach tries to accept that fact that there are unseen things that are present such as relationships between individuals. The thing is that society enables itself to have control over individuals and tries to govern them with the unseen things. It is clear how Marx was on the me thodological holistic stance in terms of his emphasis on economic determinism. Marx believed that society is composed of two dominant structures-sub and super. He explained that the upper-super structure such as religions is determined by the substructure which is mainly about economic elements such as relation of production and force of production.Mark concluded that materials are the ones that bring about social changes (Turner, 2005:17). We can argue that his ideas were mainly centered on methodological holism because he put more emphasis on the role (power) of economy and substructure than individuals and superstructure. Under the given interpretation, religion has almost nothing to do with social or economic changes because it belongs to the super structure. Religion seems to be reduced to a mere dependent variable or by-product caused by the substructure in accordance with Marx (M. Argyle & B. Beit-Hallahmi, 1975:174-177).In contrast, methodological individualism was introduce d as a methodological precept for the social sciences by Max Weber, most importantly in the first chapter of â€Å"Economy and Society† (Weber, 1968 [1922]). It amounts to the claim that social phenomena must be explained by showing how they result from individual actions, which in turn must be explained through reference to the intentional states that motivate the individual actors. In other words, it can be described as the claim that explanations of â€Å"macro† social phenomena must be supplied with â€Å"micro† foundations, ones that specify an action-theoretic mechanism (Alexander, 1987).With this approach, Weber was able to value individuals as their own and tried to decipher what constituted people in terms of intangible elements such as ideas, motives, values, and beliefs. What strikes is that he had a great opportunity to go through the process of development of capitalism with the help of this approach. His most well-known and intuitive book, The Prot estant Ethic and the Spirit Capitalism, is a great culmination of his approach and shedded new light on the importance of spiritual and moral values, with providing remarkable insights on how humans’ abstract ideas and values can affect the society in a massive way.These two different ways of ‘making sense of society’ led them to conclude what religions could do in their contemporary societies. As stated above, Marx perceived economic factors or issues to be central and primary rather than marginal. It was inevitable that he saw religions as being marginal and of lesser importance. In his contemporary society, workers-proletariats were treated less than as they were supposed to be and exploited enormously. The workers had no choice but to succumb to the haves’-bourgeoisies- order or demands with the floods of workers when there were a few jobs available for them.They were, as Marx reasoned, about to take action to take over the capitalism in which they wer e subordinated. He asserted and hoped that communism would take over the capitalism’s place and people would live in a society where alienation and private ownership are nowhere to be seen. It was only possible with the combined power of proletariat. However, religion played a role in soothing the wrath of the exploited class and made it almost impossible to accumulate certain level of collective behavior. Religion acted as a refuge from a suffering life for the proletariat.There comes Marx’ view on religion that the religion was a refuge from a suffering life. It is famously quoted that â€Å"Religion is the opiate of the masses† (Marx, 1843:42). In other words, religion teaches people to give up materialistic conditions and procrastinate worldly happiness and rewards to spiritual world (Giddens, 2011:580). Even though it is tough to live in the society, one is encouraged that the post-life would be much promising according to Marx’s view. People have an imaginary refugee to which they would escape from their harsh real life.They are more likely to succumb to the social pressures or injustice because it will be okay in the spiritual world. They would endure socially and morally wrong actions and stick with their life no matter how hard it is. As these people take part in religious activities or listen to the preaching, they are unconsciously justified that their bitter lives might be what they were supposed to be, which led to class-in-itself being unable to reach the next step-class-for-itself with class consciousness. As stated above, no-communist revolution would be accomplished in terms of religions’ impacts on the exploited.According to Marx, this process must be changed or stopped since it has a negative influence on people’s awakening or realizing their real situation in which they are exploited (Swatos, 1998:499). Weber, on the other hand, pursued answers of how the pivotal spirit ‘ethos’ in the c ontemporary western societies emerged and where the western the societies were heading in terms of religion. His initial interest was sparked by the fact that most of the highly achieved and skilled superior workers are from protestant background (Weber, 2006:233). Weber considered that there was an apparent relationship etween certain religious affiliations (particularly Protestantism) and business success, and suggests that this association might indicate an elective affinity between the two. In his book, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit Capitalism, he asserted that there are two determining factors that contributed to the development of capitalism in western societies. First, Calvin’s doctrine of predestination played a significant role in upbringing people’s ascetic attitude or way of life. According to Calvin’s doctrine, one’s possibility (destination) of salvation is beyond the reach of humans’ knowing.Not only the ordinary, but also the p riests are excluded in the ‘knowing’ process. Furthermore, humans are not able to change their pre-destined salvation acceptance or rejection. No one but God knows who will be redeemed. Humans are powerless before God and expect or hope to be chosen as one of the ‘lucky’ ones. It is possible that we can conclude humans in that era were too hopeless and powerless to advance their lives with enthusiasm. But it isn’t. The thing was that humans were not aware of their pre-destined salvation but can be aware of signs of salvation in the pursuit of worldly success only with frugal and ascetic attitude.That is to say that they are justifying their material success and imposing responsibility at the same time (Jong Seo, 2005). Under the given circumstance, people are always in the pursuit of ‘working hard’, ‘not wasting money’, and ‘accumulation of wealth’ in order to know if they are to be redeemed or not. Even with ex cessive amount of money, they would not stop themselves from working hard and ascetic life because that’s what they were striving for: proof of salvation. Second, Calvin’s religious calling played an important role in making people set the attitude stated above.Every vocation is valued and by all means worthy of God’s calling. The thing is that not only sacred priests but other menial workers are also valued and sacred under the Calvin’s religious calling. It encourages people to accept the idea that â€Å"no matter what you do, you should make an effort in your job because it’s valuable, divine, and godly†. Also, as people were more aware of the notion or values, they were more likely to be committed to their jobs and lives (Weber, 2006:120). These two characteristics of protestant ethics led to more accumulation of ealth and rational management and work ethics (Weber, 2006). This is noteworthy that even with the enormous capital, one is no t tempted to taste his or her rewards which is highly unimaginable in modern societies. This goes further that these protestants participated in their daily and worldly activities with ascetic attitude which in turn boosted capitalism in western societies. In other words, protestants’ ethics, Weber argued, have a positive influence on building the spirit of capitalism.Although society has improved and developed the way never witnessed before with firm establishment of capitalism, it is unlikely to find this kind of protestant ethics sustaining in the modern society because a row of inherited property without the essence of spirits and ethics gifted the sons and daughters of the protestants with no responsibility, making them ‘fat pigs’ rather than ‘dissatisfied Socrates’, figuratively speaking. John Wesley, the founder of Methodist church, was also concerned with the likeliness of ‘earning more money with less religious spirit’ (Weber, 2 006:189).From my point of view, I personally believe that Weber’s idea on religion is more suitable compared to that of Marx in explaining the modern society. First, I agree with Weber’s main argument on religion that religious (Protestant) ethics are one of core factors bringing out changes in our lives. This is because Protestant ethics such as ‘diligent, hard-working, and ascetic’ are related to the idea of merit system which is, in our modern lives, believed to be ‘the way’ for equality and fairness. We live in a society where unfairness flourishes and hope to diminish whatever exists between the reality and the ideal world.The reason why this unfair world is justified is that we believe that the world values and approves those who try really hard in their field with diligence (Sang Jin, 2011:3). The protestant ethics, I believe, played a role in leading the meritocratic ideas to our lives. Those protestants proved the fact that people wit h hard-work and abstinence were surely able to achieve ‘success’ in lives, and looked up to as ‘worthy of praise’. It’s likely that people have gradually believed that the society where these protestant people are successful is just and fair because they try harder than the majority of people.This leads to the idea of merit system through which humans can justify their world. In other words, by proving success with hard-work, protestant ethics paved the way for meritocracy. Second of all, the abstract religious spirits can play an important role in maintaining the society. The religions have a tendency to lead to people’s voluntary and active participation in social and political issues which is different from Marx’s expectation. Marx believed that religion has an influence on making people submissive and obedient. However, we now see that religions are spread out massively to help out those who need attention, care, and assist.When one is involved in any activities in religion, they are more likely to act and behave than people with no religions. As they take part in the religious activities voluntarily, their community or religious area in bound to be more strongly integrated because they have something in common: religious spirit and altruistic mindset. We can infer from Durkheim’s study on suicide that those with religions have less likeliness to commit suicide than those without because they are more integrated and associated in society which leads to a more sustainable society (Durkheim, 1952[1897]).Finally, despite the fact that the original spirit of capitalism might have been diminished or in decline, it already provided an ‘image’ of religious people and acts as a criterion for those. Some say that the religious or protestant ethics are already faded away, but it’s still true that we have a some sort of image towards religious people that they would be more ‘uprightâ€⠄¢ and ‘ascetic’ than non-religious people. For example, when Koreans hang out nowadays, they often ask one another if they drink alcohol or not. And we usually take it for granted that the people believing in God do not drink alcohol.Likewise, these people mainly Christian-Protestant are expected not to drink ‘alcohol’ or do ‘drugs’. This is because we know by experiencing a bunch of these people that â€Å"These guys are not (mostly) bad guys†. Even if they do not possess the mindset as their ancestors did, the society already formed some sort of ‘image’ toward these religious people throughout the history. Therefore, the society enables and enforces the religious people to act and behave in accordance with ‘the protestant’. In other words, â€Å"their ancestors’ image still lives within us and affects our lives†.Even though I believe that Weber’s idea on religion is more proper when it co mes to explanations of modern world, it would be more reasonable and wise to make a leap with both of the great thinkers’ explanations. This is because these so-called sociologists seem to lag behind the other in some field and some not. For example, Weber’s reasoning was not sufficient in explaining Eastern countries huge development even with the religion- Confucianism which considered to be negative in capitalism’s improvement (Weber, 2006:243).And Marx’s reasoning would require additional explanations of modern religions in that religions are diversified and playing roles as many. These two dominant thinkers’ ideas are not contradictory but supplementary to some extent because both of the arguments can replace and be replaced by the other (Giddens, 2011:584). In conclusion, these great thinkers had different approaches on religion and elicited their unique conclusions based on their observations.Marx saw religions as â€Å"the opiate of the ma sses† and perceived it as a ‘negative thing’ for humans’ freedom from alienation and revolutions through workers’ collective angers whereas Weber saw religions as somewhat ‘positive influencer’ in that flourish of capitalism in western countries was based on protestant ethics which was the direct movement of ‘religion’(Calvinism, to be exact). In their analysis of religions, they showed the ways they regard religions as somewhat dependent variables-Marx and somewhat independent variables-Weber (Jong Seo, 2005).Controversy exists over whether who provided more reasonable and relevant insights to our world because both of the reasoning has some weak points and strong points. However, I believe that Weber’s idea on religion is more suitable in order to explain the modern society due to, social maintenance, and religious criteria, and the rise of meritocracy. No matter what one says, we are not certain which one came firs t between the chicken and the egg due to uncertainty. There is no absolute answer for this question.Marx and Weber’s observations of religions as dependent or independent variables are reminiscent of this never-solving causality dilemma. A circular cause and consequence like ‘seeing religion as the starter’ and ‘seeing religion as the result’ make us wonder the question of â€Å"Which came first, X that can't come without Y, or Y that can't come without X? † We would be trapped in an endless process of logics and pursuant of definite answer. Maybe it’s not the answer that matters but the understanding in the process that matters.The understanding that the somewhat contradictory views can, in actuality, be used as a supplement to the other so that it can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of not just religion but society in general, which as learners of sociology should pursue. All in all, the comparison of Marx and Weber on reli gion tells us that there is no categorical answer but understanding through which we gain our own perspectives of life. Works Cited Amanda, Review on Marx and Weber on Religion http://web. grinnell. edu/courses/soc/f01/soc295-02/marx_weber. html Giddens Anthony, Sociology. , 2011Jong Seo Kim, Sociology of Religion, , 2005 Marx Karl, Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, CambridgeUniversity Press, 1977 M. Argyle ; B. Beit-Hallahmi, The Social Psychology of Religion, London: Routledge ; Kegan Paul, 1975 Sang Jin Jeon, , , 2011 Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy, definition, http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/methodological-individualism/ Swatos William H, Peter Kivisto, Encyclopedia of religion and society, Rowman Altamira, 1998 Turner Jonathan H. , Sociology. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005 Weber Max, Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism, Ed, , , 2006

Sierra Nevada’s

The Sierra Nevada mountain range stretches across the eastern side of the state of California. The range begins in the south at the Tehachapi Pass near Bakersfield and stretches north to Lake Almanor. The Sierra Nevada range is 400 miles long, north-to-south and has an average width of 70 miles wide. It was formed through subduction when the Pacific plate slid under the North American plate. The range is made up of deeply imbedded rock otherwise known as batholiths. The eastern slope of the mountains rose steeply which cause those slopes to be steep while the western sides are only gradually steep but not like the east 1. Thus the range provided as an early barrier to entrance into California and travelers had to go through the various passes to proceed, such as the famous Donner Pass. Although the Sierra Nevada mountain range, which in Spanish means the snowy range, is grandeur as a whole certain mountains and peaks throughout the range are more important. The biggest mountain of the whole would be Mount Whitney which happens to be the tallest mountain in all of the continental United States. Mount Whitney stands at a modest 14,505 feet. It is located right outside of the town of Lone Pine and is an obvious attraction because of its record holding. Therefore, many people are eager to reach the highest point in the US so a trail was built on the western slope to allow hikers to conquer the mountain. The main trail is the Mount Whitney trail and it is 21. 3 miles long and can be completed in a day 2. Other trails are also available but take longer and usually require overnight stays but do provide more views of the mountain. Mount Whitney is not the only mountain available to hike in the Sierra Nevada’s but is one of the most popular because of its sheer height. Another significant mountain in the range lies right up the US395 and is called Mammoth Mountain. Mammoth is actually an active volcano and was formed through a series of volcanic eruptions throughout the years. However, there are not any major eruptions anymore just minor ones. The mountain peaks at 11,059 feet but it contains a great ski resort that is actually the highest ski resort in California. Mammoth receives 400 plus inches of snow every year and is considered to be one of the best if not the best resort in California 3. Also, located near Mammoth Mountain is the National Monument called the Devil’s Postpile. It is a natural awe which is columnar basalt that is created by a lava flow that when slowly cooled and dried creates what looks like symmetrical posts. Before the site became a monument in 1911, declared by President Taft, it was almost blown up for the creation of a dam 4. Thankfully, the project was not completed or many sight seers would have not had the opportunity to see this amazing work of nature. Another spectacular sight in the Sierra Nevada range is the half dome at Yosemite National Park. The rock which is in the shape of a half dome rests above the Yosemite Valley and is a well known sight often used as a logo such as for the Sierra Club. Half Dome was formed by exfoliation where the rock cracks into sheets and then the missing face was carried away by the apparent glaciers that once filled the valley during the Pleistocene Ice Ages 5. However, geologists believe that there was never a full rock and that the current state of the rock is fairly close to what it looked like before the ice age. Nevertheless, Half Dome has dramatic views that hikers enjoy when climbing to the top. The park rangers are on site at the bottom of the rock from May to October when there are poles and wires attached to the rock to assist hikers in the 400 foot climb to the top of the rock. Basically, the Sierra’s offer numerous attractions as well as awesome views that can accommodate anyone who enjoys being outdoors and appreciates the wonders of nature. Works Cited â€Å"Devils Postpile National Monument (U. S. National Park Service). † U. S. National Park Service – Experience Your America. http://www. nps. gov/depo/index. htm (accessed February 20, 2011). â€Å"Mammoth Mountain – Skiing and Riding. † Mammoth Mountain Ski Area – Skiing, Snowboarding, Rentals, Lodging and More. http://www. mammothmountain. om/MountainActivities/WinterActivities/SkiingRiding/ (accessed February 20, 2011). â€Å"Mount Whitney: Climbing Mt Whitney. † Mount Whitney: Climbing Mt Whitney. http://www. mount-whitney. com/climbing_mt_whitney. php (accessed February 20, 2011). Resendes, Mary. â€Å"Geology of the Sierra Nevadas. † Central Sierra Historical Society. http://www. sierrahistorical. org/archives/geology. html (accessed February 20, 2011). â€Å"Yosemite National Park, California. † Learning Online @ MJC Home Page. http://virtual. yosemite. cc. ca. us/ghayes/yosemphot. htm (accessed February 20, 2011).

Freshwater Biome Essay

The Freshwater Biome By Lauren Finnis The freshwater biome is a complex biome that can be found all over the world. There are two major types of freshwater biomes. The first type is lotic or running which include rivers and streams. Lentic or standing is the second type; those include lakes and ponds. Since this biome is found worldwide, the species that reside in it can vary extensively, but usually it contains several species of fish, plants, and insects. Predation is a way of life in the freshwater biome. It is the main way food and energy are obtained by most of the organisms. The plankton, algae, and weeds that produce their own food through photosynthesis are eaten by the smaller fish like the minnows. Then larger fish like bass, trout, and pike eat these smaller fish. Finally birds, large mammals, and humans catch the large fish. In the freshwater biome, there are several examples of symbiosis. The relationship between the freshwater sponge and spongillafly is an example of paratism. The spongillafly lays its eggs on the sponge, and then they hatch and feed off the sponge. Another parasite is the flatworm. It resides in organisms such as the snail and can infect them with deadly diseases. There are also examples of commensalism in this biome. First is the relationship between small fish and the pond weeds; the fish hide between these weeds from larger fish. Another relationship of this type is the one between oysters and the mangrove trees. The oyster anchor and protect themselves with the roots of the tree. Finally there are also examples of mutaulistic relationships. For example some small fish enter clean the mouths of larger fish, and in exchange, they may eat whatever they clean out. There are several limiting factors in the freshwater biome. One of the most important is the availability of sunlight. In areas with little sunlight, photosynthesis can not occur; therefore, most plants can not live. Since  plants are the base of the food chain the whole ecosystem falls apart. Salinity is also a limiting factor. In freshwater areas, there must be a salinity of .05% or less for most organisms to survive. Humans are actually limiting factors also. We destroy and pollute habitats and eat the animals and plants in the biome. Population density in the freshwater biome varies greatly. In rivers or streams, density is usually lower in the faster moving biomes because organisms must fight the current. In lakes and ponds, the topmost areas usually are more dense because there is an ample supply of light for photosynthesis. The highest densities will probably be found in the more temperate areas that organisms can adapt to more easily. The carrying capacity of the freshwater biome depends on the size, location, and availability off light. Biotic potentials in the biome are most likely extremely large. This is because the main organisms are fish, which lay eggs in numerous amounts. Of course the carry and the biotic potential are rarely met because there are natural enemies and predator. There are also billions of one of the most deadly predator to the biome, humans.

Sales and Inventory “Sheryn “

Chapter 1: Introduction I. INTRODUCTION In today's business environment, even small and mid-sized businesses have come to rely on computerized sales and inventory systems. Certainly, there are plenty of small retail outlets, manufacturers, and other businesses that continue to rely on manual means of inventory tracking. Indeed, for some small businesses, like convenience stores, shoe stores, or computer shops, purchase of an electronic inventory tracking system might constitute a wasteful use of financial resources.But for other firms operating in industries and features high volume turnover of raw materials and/or finished products, computerized tracking systems have emerged as a key component of business strategies aimed at increasing productivity and maintaining competitiveness. Moreover, the recent development of powerful computer programs capable of addressing a wide variety of record keeping needs—including inventory management—in one integrated system have also c ontributed to the growing popularity of electronic inventory control option.Computers began from a wild imaginative idea to the world’s highly prioritized tool. Computers today are now used as a substitute to manual processes and other past inventions like the radio, television, etc. It is now used by people for much simpler, easier and faster way to do things. Some used it as a hobby, and some use it as a job. 1. 1Background of the Study We the graduating students needs 1. 1. 1 History Memory Hub Computer is located on the 2nd floor of Lotus Mall, Nueno Ave.Imus city Cavite was a branch of the main shop located in the Robinson Mall. Its operation started back in 2007 who owned by a Chinese businessman who decided to invest his money in a right business opportunity like a desktop computer packages shop. Back then , in 2008 it become successful and the consumer demanded fore more. So the owner decided to expand its branch population here in the Cavite. 1. 1. 2 Mission and Visi on Why do we need a mission ? A Mission Statement defines the organization's purpose and primary objectives.Its prime function is internal – to define the key measure or measures of the organization's success – and its prime audience is the leadership team and stockholders. Why do we need a vision ? Organisations need to know where they are heading and what they are trying to accomplish and to state this clearly for getting there is dependent on the efforts of a large number of people – not all of whom can just be assumed to instinctively know what the collective goal is. An institution’s vision statement is thus an articulation of its major goals and ambitions.The organisation which does not articulate its vision for the future will not necessarily fail, indeed it may continue to ‘tick over’ quite nicely, but nor is it likely to thrive. It stands less chance of growing, expanding and improving because it has no clear idea of what direction o r form this growth, expansion or improvement should take. Not every good idea can be funded and not every opportunity pursued. Without a clear idea of where the institution is heading there is no sound basis for prioritising these decisions, resulting in an institution which is paddling as hard as it can, but making little real progress.Vision Statements also define the organizations purpose, but this time they do so in terms of the organization's values rather than bottom line measures (values are guiding beliefs about how things should be done. ) The vision statement communicates both the purpose and values of the organization. For employees, it gives direction about how they are expected to behave and inspires them to give their best. Shared with customers, it shapes customers' understanding of why they should work with the organization. 1. 1. 2. 1 MissionWe Memory Hub Computer wants to Give the best service and good quality to our valued costumers and make sure you will get best offer and best product. 1. 1. 2. 2 Vision Memoryhub Computer’s bring you a cheapest price but highly and good quality products. 1. 2 Statement of the Problem 1. 2. 1 General Statement of the Problem Based on our observation the manager is too busy in making a sales and inventory so we decided to make a program that can solved their problem no more hassle, time consumming and effortless and that program is a computerized sales and inventory by the used of computer the manager can do the task faster . . 2. 2 Specific Statement of the Problem Taking down sales and inventory manually it is a problem? Yes, because in our generation we have a lot of modern technology so that you can work faster and easier. So our group aim is to make a program that computerized by the used of computer you cannot write it in a paper , you can do your task less effort and time consuming. 1. 3 Objectives of the Study 1. 3. 1 General Objectives One of the problem in Memory Hub Computer is the manual s ales and inventory we decided to make a program that can solve their problem and that is Computerized Sales and Inventory. . 3. 2 Specific Objectives Having a computerized Sales and Inventory system they can filter, sort and searching data quickly by the used of computer rather than taking down ineventory mannually. 1. 4 Significance of the Study can create a system to support In the implementation of the enhanced computerized billing system, Cavite Landmark Marketing Incorporated and One Magnolia Place Realty’s will have a more secured business transaction. One Magnolia Place Realty employees will benefit this study in everyday transactions pertaining to their tenants billing payment and information.The importance of this study is to make a comparison between the current the project that was given by ourinstitution,Datacom Institute of Computer Technology. 1. 5 Scope and Limitation Scope means the extent of your investigation. Limitations are the limits or things you did not investigate, or the reasons why your conclusions may not be valid. The â€Å"scope† section is where you list what you are doing. The â€Å"bounds† section is where you set the boundaries and you list some thing explicitly that you are not doing because they are outside the bounds of the project.At first, having two sections sounds redundant, but it removes ambiguity. Try to imagine questions and head them off. You might know what you mean by â€Å"high school† but some people reading your work may have different interpretations. Don't assume too much about your readers. Limitations are the circumstances which are not considered in the thesis because of some reasons like if a student interprets the relation between inflation and interest rates then the limitation can be the 100% accuracy of data.Moreover, all the situations which can limit the interpretation of data are considered the limitations. It is very important to describe the limitations in thesis, so t hat the reader may know about the circumstances in which the researcher has conducted the thesis. . 1. 5. 1 Scopes The proposed system of Memory Hub Computer is designed to have an ability of filtering,sorting,searching, storing and saving data. It can access by the used of username and password but it has a limitation.You can make your inventory faster by the used of computer. You can do other task fast. You can consume your time wise. 1. 5. 2 Limitations All programs has a limitations , so our system design has an ability of serching , storing and saving but it has a limitation like you cannot edit data without the permission of manager because it has a username and password. Another one is you cannot put the number of stocks, the stocks that left, and so on without computer because it is computerized.

The Colonial southeast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

The Colonial southeast - Essay Example From this research it is clear that the Caddo’s inhibited in the southwest of the Arkansas and the surrounding areas of Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma from 1000 A.D to 1800 A.D. when they were visited and approached by the French and Spanish explorers; they were branched into three segments. The kadohadacho, right on the great bend of the red river, the Natchitoches in west Louisiana, and lastly the Hasinai in east Texas. The Caddo were native villagers and farmers, and their culture had a class system as part of their social structure. They lived in grass houses that were around fifteen feet tall and almost twenty to fifty feet in width or diameter. The houses of the tribe members were conical or doomed in shape that was framed with poles, and covered with a patch of grass thatch. On the territorial perspective, the Caddo’s inhibited isolated farms, small villages, and some larger villages. The economy of the Caddo’s was mainly inclined on the production of agri culture, maize, beans, watermelons, tobacco, pumpkins, and squash. Maize was the premier food material that was consumed by the communities of the Caddo’s. The Caddo’s were also very efficient in fishing, they practiced a traditional mode of fishing using trotlines, which symbolizes a fishing line loaded with baited hooks across streams. Caddo’s mainly inherited their maternal traits than the paternal ones. In the Caddo community, the Xinesi inherited a position of spiritual leadership, the Caddi, the inherited position of principal headman of a community. While the Xinesi were in charge of the communication with the supreme god and meditation, the caddi, were responsible for religious leadership, influencing decision making between villages, and to lead important rites, like the rights for harvesting and naming. Inspite of being in the medieval period, the Caddo’s maintained their community in a well organized government system. The Caddo’s been a lso involved in the trading of guns, fur and horses to Europeans and other Indian, by developing a trade and economic network (Texas history). Unlike the Caddo’s, the creeks were primarily called Muskogee’s. They are a powerful nation of Indians inhibiting the middle parts of Georgia, alongside the river mobile. The name creek Indians came from the fact that creeks and rivulets abounded in their country. The soil in the region is extremely fruitful, and the climate is also environment friendly. The creeks are cultivator of the soil; spirituous liquors are prohibited from entering the town of the creeks. By nature, creeks are faithful as friends, but also incorrigible as enemies, to strangers they provide the warmest welcome, and are thoroughly honest and fair in their dealings. The women of their tribe are significantly short in height, their hand and feet are no larger than those of nine or ten year old European girls. The body is well formed, the features are regular and beautiful, and the eyes are large, black, and languishing. Unlike the women of the tribe, the men in general are larger in size than the European. On the marital perspective, the mode of marrying is unique and traditional. The bridegroom takes a cane and fixes the same upright in the ground, and then the bride lays down another cane by the side of